The nurse distinguishes that a patient may experience which signs and symptoms related to diabetes insipidus (DI)?

A. Decreased B/P, decreased sodium, water retention: This scenario reflects fluid overload with hyponatremia, which is opposite to the pathophysiology of diabetes insipidus. In DI, the kidneys fail to concentrate urine, leading to water loss rather than retention, so sodium levels typically rise rather than decrease. B. Decreased B/P, increased sodium, polyuria: Diabetes insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (central DI) or renal insensitivity to ADH (nephrogenic DI). This leads to excessive free water loss, causing polyuria and dehydration. Dehydration results in hypotension and hypernatremia due to reduced plasma volume and concentration of serum sodium. C. Increased B/P, increased sodium, polydipsia: While polydipsia is a hallmark of DI, blood pressure usually decreases rather than increases due to volume depletion. Elevated blood pressure is not consistent with the hypovolemic state caused by excessive fluid loss in DI. D. Increased B/P, decreased sodium, oliguria: Oliguria and hyponatremia are not features of diabetes insipidus. Oliguria suggests reduced urine output, whereas DI presents with copious urine output. Hyponatremia results from water retention, not loss, and does not reflect the hypernatremia seen in DI.