The nurse has provided an in-service program on impaired professionals. She knows that teaching has been effective when staff identify which of the following as the greatest risk for substance abuse among professionals?

Choice A reason: Having preconceived ideas about addiction reflects stigma and misunderstanding but does not directly increase risk for substance abuse. It may affect recognition and intervention but is not the greatest risk factor. Choice B reason: Codependency can contribute to unhealthy relationships and coping mechanisms, but it is not the primary risk factor for substance abuse among professionals. While it may predispose some individuals, exposure to substances in the workplace is a more significant risk. Choice C reason: Nurses are frequently exposed to controlled substances in their professional environment, such as opioids, benzodiazepines, and other medications. This availability, combined with the belief that they are immune to addiction, creates a high-risk situation. Easy access and false confidence in immunity are the greatest risk factors for substance abuse among healthcare professionals. Choice D reason: Coming from dysfunctional families may predispose individuals to addiction, but it is not unique to nurses or healthcare professionals. The occupational exposure to substances is a more direct and significant risk factor compared to family background.