The nurse is assessing a patient who had a stroke and notes the right upper eyelid is drooping and the palpebral fissure of this eye is narrower than the left eye. What is the term for this finding?
Explanation & Rationale
Blepharoptosis involves the inferior displacement of the superior eyelid margin due to neuromuscular dysfunction. It originates from oculomotor nerve palsy, myogenic weakness, or sympathetic disruption seen in Horner syndrome. The levator palpebrae superioris or Mueller muscle fails to maintain the palpebral fissure height. Severe cases impede the visual axis. A. Anisocoria: This term describes an inequality in pupillary diameter, which may be physiological or pathological. It results from imbalances in the autonomic supply to the iris muscles. While often seen with eyelid issues, it specifically refers to the pupil, not the lid. B. Ptosis: This finding manifests as drooping of the upper eyelid, narrowing the vertical opening of the eye. It occurs when the muscles responsible for elevating the lid are paretic or mechanically heavy. In stroke patients, it signifies cranial nerve involvement or central nervous system damage. C. Strabismus: This condition involves a lack of ocular alignment where the visual axes do not converge on the same point. It results from extraocular muscle imbalance or refractive errors. While it affects eye appearance, it does not involve the position of the eyelid. D. Stye: Also known as a hordeolum, this is an acute focal infection of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid. It presents as a painful, erythematous nodule near the lid margin. It causes swelling but is not a primary neurogenic drooping of the lid.