The nurse is assessing a patient with peritonitis. What findings should they expect? (Select All that Apply.)

A. Frequent bowel movements: In peritonitis, the inflammation and infection typically lead to bowel dysfunction, causing a reduction or absence of bowel movements rather than an increase. Therefore, frequent bowel movements would not be expected. B. Inability to pass stools: Peritonitis often results in bowel paralysis (ileus), preventing the passage of stools. The infection and inflammation in the abdominal cavity interfere with normal gastrointestinal motility, making it difficult or impossible for the patient to pass stools. C. Hyperactive bowel sounds: In peritonitis, bowel sounds are generally decreased or absent due to the inflammation, which leads to a cessation of normal peristalsis. Hyperactive bowel sounds are more commonly seen in conditions like early bowel obstruction, not in peritonitis. D. Rigid abdomen: A rigid abdomen, often described as "board-like," is a hallmark sign of peritonitis. This occurs as a result of involuntary muscle guarding in response to the intense pain. It is an emergency finding and indicates a severe, acute condition. E. Decreased urinary output: Decreased urinary output can occur in peritonitis due to hypovolemia, as the body diverts blood to vital organs, causing reduced renal perfusion. Additionally, systemic inflammation can lead to impaired kidney function, further contributing to oliguria.