The nurse is caring for a child admitted with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following lab findings are characteristic of this syndrome? Select all that apply.

Choice A rationale Hyperkalemia is not typically characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. The condition is defined by high urinary protein loss, leading to edema and secondary effects. Potassium levels are usually normal or may even be low if the patient is on diuretics, but not elevated. A normal potassium reference range is generally 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Choice B rationale Glucosuria, or the presence of glucose in the urine, is a key finding in diabetes mellitus or certain proximal renal tubular defects, but it is not a hallmark characteristic of primary nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is primarily a glomerular disorder resulting in massive proteinuria, not a tubular disorder affecting glucose reabsorption. Choice C rationale Hypoalbuminemia is a primary consequence of the massive protein loss through the damaged glomeruli, which is the defining feature of nephrotic syndrome. The serum albumin level drops significantly (typically 3.5 g/day in adults or > 50 mg/kg/day in children) is the defining, hallmark clinical feature of nephrotic syndrome, resulting from increased glomerular permeability to plasma proteins, especially albumin. This is the physiological basis for many other signs. Choice F rationale Hypoleukemia, an abnormally low white blood cell count (normal range usually 4,500 to 11,000 cells/mm³), is not a direct or typical characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. While immune system changes can occur, a significant decrease in the total WBC count is not a standard diagnostic finding for this condition. .