The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with nephrosis. Symptoms that are characteristic of nephrosis include which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason: A positive antistreptolysin titer suggests post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, not nephrosis (minimal change disease). Nephrosis is typically idiopathic, not infection-related, and lacks streptococcal association. Edema and proteinuria are hallmark features due to hypoalbuminemia, making this an incorrect characteristic for nephrosis, as it reflects a different renal pathology. Choice B reason: Bacteriuria indicates urinary tract infection, not a characteristic of nephrosis, which involves sterile proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. Infections may occur as complications due to immunosuppression, but bacteriuria is not a primary feature. Edema and proteinuria define nephrosis, making bacteriuria an incorrect symptom for this condition. Choice C reason: Edema is a hallmark of nephrosis, resulting from massive proteinuria causing hypoalbuminemia, reducing plasma oncotic pressure. Fluid leaks into interstitial spaces, causing periorbital or generalized edema. This is a primary symptom, reflecting the pathophysiological fluid shift, making it a key characteristic in children with nephrosis. Choice D reason: Massive proteinuria is a defining feature of nephrosis, particularly minimal change disease, where glomerular damage allows excessive protein filtration. This leads to hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Proteinuria is a core diagnostic criterion, making it a characteristic symptom essential for identifying and managing nephrosis in children.