The nurse is caring for a client with a central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring line and is assessing right ventricular function and venous blood return. The results show a decreased central venous pressure. How does the nurse interpret the findings?

A. Possible hypovolemia: A decreased CVP indicates reduced pressure in the right atrium and central veins, often reflecting a low circulating blood volume. Causes can include hemorrhage, dehydration, or excessive diuretic use. This finding suggests the right ventricle is receiving less venous return, which can compromise cardiac output if not corrected. B. Right ventricular failure: Right ventricular failure typically results in elevated CVP due to impaired emptying of the right ventricle and venous congestion. A decreased CVP is inconsistent with right ventricular failure, as the pressure in the central veins would be increased rather than reduced. C. Possible hypervolemia: Hypervolemia is characterized by increased circulating blood volume, which raises venous return and CVP. A decreased CVP suggests the opposite condition, indicating low intravascular volume rather than excess fluid. D. Left ventricular failure: Left ventricular failure leads to pulmonary congestion and increased pulmonary venous pressure, which may eventually raise right-sided pressures, resulting in elevated CVP. A decreased CVP does not indicate left ventricular failure and suggests the right side is underfilled rather than overloaded.