The nurse is caring for a client with pericarditis. What heart sounds does the nurse expect to hear during the physical assessment?

A. Pericardial friction rub: Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardial sac. The classic auscultatory finding is a high-pitched, scratchy pericardial friction rub heard best at the left lower sternal border. It is caused by the inflamed pericardial layers rubbing against each other and is a hallmark sign of pericarditis. B. Mitral murmur: A mitral murmur is associated with mitral valve disorders such as mitral stenosis or mitral regurgitation, not inflammation of the pericardium. C. Pleural friction rub: A pleural friction rub is heard with pleuritis and is related to lung and pleural inflammation. It is respiratory in origin and changes with breathing, unlike a pericardial friction rub. D. S3 or S4: An S3 is commonly associated with heart failure, and an S4 is often linked to decreased ventricular compliance, such as in hypertension. These are not characteristic findings of acute pericarditis.