The nurse is caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The patient asks what types of food they should avoid. The nurse tells the patient to avoid which of the following foods? (Select All that Apply.)

A. Chocolate: Chocolate contains caffeine and other substances like theobromine, which can relax the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. This can worsen gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. B. French fries: Fried foods, such as French fries, are high in fat. Fatty foods can delay stomach emptying and relax the LES, both of which can increase the likelihood of acid reflux, making them a trigger for GERD symptoms. C. Oatmeal: Oatmeal is generally considered a safe and healthy food for patients with GERD. It is low in fat and high in fiber, which can help absorb stomach acid and prevent reflux, making it a good food choice. D. Chicken: Skinless, lean chicken is usually not problematic for people with GERD and is often recommended as a healthy source of protein. It is low in fat and should not trigger reflux, making it safe to consume. E. Grapefruit: Grapefruit is acidic, which can irritate the esophagus and trigger reflux symptoms. Citrus fruits, in general, are best avoided by individuals with GERD as they can increase stomach acidity.