The nurse is collaborating with the dietitian about a client with a stage 3 pressure ulcer. After the collaboration the nurse orders a meal plan that includes increased

A. Vitamin E.: Vitamin E has antioxidant properties and may support skin integrity, but it is not a primary nutrient required in large amounts for wound healing. Excessive supplementation can even interfere with vitamin K–dependent clotting, and it does not significantly contribute to collagen synthesis or tissue repair compared to protein. B. Protein.: Protein is essential for all phases of wound healing, including fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and immune function. In stage 3 pressure injuries, there is significant tissue loss, increasing metabolic demand. Adequate protein intake supports nitrogen balance, promotes granulation tissue formation, and reduces the risk of delayed healing and infection. C. Fats.: Fats provide a concentrated energy source and are important for cell membrane integrity and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. However, they do not directly support the structural rebuilding of tissue to the same extent as protein, making them a secondary consideration in wound healing. D. Carbohydrates.: Carbohydrates supply energy required for cellular metabolism and protein sparing, but they do not directly contribute to tissue repair or immune function. While adequate caloric intake is necessary, increasing carbohydrates alone does not address the increased protein demands associated with pressure ulcer healing.