The nurse is completing a physical assessment of a 15-month-old. Which objective data would the nurse document as an abnormal finding?

Choice A reason: A sunken abdomen in a 15-month-old is considered abnormal and may indicate malnutrition, dehydration, or underlying gastrointestinal pathology. Normally, the abdomen of a toddler is protuberant due to immature abdominal musculature and posture. A sunken appearance warrants further evaluation for systemic illness or nutritional deficiency. Choice B reason: Lordosis, or inward curvature of the lumbar spine, is a normal finding in toddlers due to their developing posture and muscle tone. It typically resolves as the child grows and gains core strength. It is not considered abnormal at this age. Choice C reason: A waddling gait is common in toddlers who are just mastering walking. It reflects immature neuromuscular coordination and balance. Unless accompanied by other signs of musculoskeletal or neurological dysfunction, it is not abnormal at 15 months. Choice D reason: A heart rate of 100 beats per minute is within normal limits for a 15-month-old child. Normal resting heart rate for toddlers ranges from approximately 80 to 130 beats per minute, depending on activity and emotional state.