The nurse is educating the patient about synovial joints in the body. Which joint can be included in this teaching? Select all that apply.
Explanation & Rationale
A. Shoulder: The glenohumeral joint is a classic ball-and-socket synovial joint that offers the greatest range of motion in the body. It contains a joint capsule, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage to facilitate smooth movement. It is a primary example used in patient education regarding diarthrotic joints. B. Wrist: The radiocarpal joint is a condyloid synovial joint that allows for flexion, extension, and side-to-side movement. It features a synovial membrane that secretes lubricating fluid to reduce friction between the carpal bones and the radius. This joint is highly susceptible to synovial inflammation in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. C. Skull: The bones of the skull are joined by sutures, which are categorized as fibrous, synarthrotic joints. These joints are designed for stability and protection of the brain rather than movement. They lack a joint cavity and synovial fluid, making them unsuitable for this specific teaching topic. D. Spine: The joints between vertebral bodies are cartilaginous (symphyses), utilizing intervertebral discs for shock absorption and limited mobility. While the facet joints are technically synovial, the spine as a whole is generally classified by its cartilaginous components in basic education. It does not represent a typical "freely movable" synovial joint. E. Ankle: The talocrural joint is a hinge-type synovial joint that facilitates dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot. It is enclosed in a capsule and supported by ligaments, fitting the classic definition of a synovial articulation. It is a common site for synovial injuries such as sprains or effusions.