The nurse is performing a physical examination on a sleeping newborn. Which body system should the nurse examine last?

A. Heart: Heart assessment, including auscultation of rate and rhythm, can be performed while the newborn is calm or sleeping. It does not typically disturb the infant and provides important baseline cardiovascular data early in the examination. B. Abdomen: Abdominal inspection and palpation can be performed while the newborn is lying quietly. Gentle handling usually does not awaken the infant, and assessing for organ size, tenderness, or masses is best done before more invasive or stimulating procedures. C. Lungs: Lung auscultation can be done with minimal disturbance to the sleeping newborn, allowing assessment of respiratory rate, breath sounds, and effort without causing agitation. This is often performed after heart and abdominal assessments. D. Throat: Examination of the throat is invasive and often triggers gagging or crying. Performing it last minimizes disruption to the newborn, ensuring that earlier assessments can be completed while the infant remains calm and asleep.