The nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Which action(s) will be included in discharge teaching? (Select all that apply).

Choice A rationale Avoiding rest periods is inappropriate for a client with Parkinson's disease. The condition is characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors and bradykinesia, which are physically exhausting. Clients also frequently experience non-motor symptoms like fatigue and sleep disturbances. Encouraging rest periods throughout the day is essential to conserve energy, manage fatigue, and improve the client's ability to participate in daily activities and exercise, thereby enhancing their overall quality of life. Choice B rationale Encouraging independence is a core principle of rehabilitative care for Parkinson's disease. While the progressive nature of the disease makes daily tasks more difficult, performing activities of daily living for as long as possible helps maintain motor function and muscle strength. It also fosters a sense of autonomy and self-worth. Nurses should teach clients to use assistive devices and allow extra time for tasks to promote success while minimizing frustration during the performance of activities. Choice C rationale Reducing the risk for injury is critical because Parkinson's disease significantly impairs balance and gait, leading to a high risk of falls. Teaching the client to remove throw rugs, install grab bars in the bathroom, and ensure adequate lighting can prevent fractures and head injuries. Clients should also be taught about "freezing" episodes and how to safely navigate them. Maintaining a safe home environment is fundamental to preserving the client's independence and safety. Choice D rationale Limiting fluids is generally incorrect for clients with Parkinson's disease unless they have a specific comorbid condition like heart failure. Many clients suffer from constipation due to slowed gastrointestinal motility and the side effects of medications like anticholinergics. Maintaining an intake of at least 2,000 mL of fluid per day, along with a high-fiber diet, is necessary to promote regular bowel movements and prevent the discomfort and potential complications associated with severe constipation. Choice E rationale Planning a daily exercise routine involving active range of motion is vital to combat the muscle rigidity and joint stiffness characteristic of the disease. Regular movement helps maintain flexibility, improves posture, and can even help slow the progression of motor symptoms. Exercise routines should be tailored to the client's current abilities and may include walking, stretching, or specialized programs like Tai Chi, which have been shown to improve balance and coordination in Parkinson's patients.