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    HESI RN pharmacology proctored exam

    The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who reports taking five times the recommended daily allowance of vitamins and minerals in a multivitamin form. Which finding indicates a possible vitamin D overdose?Reference Range:Bilirubin (0.3 to 1 mg/dL (5.1 to 17 μmol/L)]Calcium [9 to 10.5 mg/dL (2.3 to 2.6 mmol/L)] Sodium [136 to 145 mEq/L (136 to 145 mmol/L)] Blood Glucose [74 to 106 mg/dL (4.1 to 5.9 mmol/L)]

    Explanation & Rationale

    A. Total bilirubin 4 mg/dL (68.4 μmol/L): Elevated bilirubin suggests possible liver dysfunction or hemolysis but is not directly associated with vitamin D toxicity. Vitamin D overdose primarily leads to disturbances in calcium metabolism rather than bilirubin elevations.B. Total calcium level 12 mEq/L (3 mmol/L): Hypercalcemia is a hallmark of vitamin D overdose because vitamin D increases calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. A calcium level above the normal range signals potential toxicity that needs immediate attention.C. Sodium level 140 mEq/L (140 mmol/L): A sodium level of 140 mEq/L falls squarely within the normal reference range. This value does not suggest any connection to vitamin D toxicity or indicate any immediate concern regarding electrolyte imbalance.D. Serum glucose 170 mg/dL (9.4 mmol/L): Elevated blood glucose may point to uncontrolled diabetes or stress response but is not linked to excessive vitamin D intake. Vitamin D toxicity primarily affects calcium regulation, not glucose metabolism.

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