The nurse is reviewing the labs for a client. The calcium level is 7.5 mg/dL. The nurse knows this value represents hypocalcemia. What symptoms would the nurse expect to find in this client? Select all that apply.

A. Positive Trousseau's sign: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, which can lead to carpopedal spasm when a blood pressure cuff is inflated—a phenomenon known as Trousseau’s sign. This is a classic clinical indicator of low calcium levels and reflects the heightened responsiveness of nerves and muscles to stimulation. B. Muscle weakness: Although hypocalcemia often causes muscle cramps and spasms, some clients may also experience generalized muscle weakness due to impaired excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscles. The decreased availability of calcium for muscle contraction reduces muscle strength while still maintaining increased neuromuscular irritability. C. Decreased muscle tone: Hypocalcemia typically results in increased, not decreased, muscle tone due to neuromuscular excitability. Reduced muscle tone is more commonly associated with hypercalcemia or neuromuscular disorders that impair contraction rather than low calcium levels. D. Polyuria: Polyuria is not a direct symptom of hypocalcemia. It is more often associated with hypercalcemia, which can impair renal concentrating ability, or with conditions affecting antidiuretic hormone or renal function. Hypocalcemia primarily affects neuromuscular and cardiac function rather than urine output. E. Hyporeflexia: Hypocalcemia generally causes hyperreflexia due to increased neuromuscular excitability. Decreased reflexes are more characteristic of hypercalcemia or neuromuscular blockade. Therefore, hyporeflexia would not be expected in a client with low calcium levels.