The nurse knows that which of the following interventions are appropriate steps in the administration of ear drops to a child under three years of age?

A. Pulling the child's ear upward and backward to straighten the ear canal: For children under three years old, the correct technique is to pull the pinna downward and backward to straighten the ear canal. Pulling upward and backward is appropriate only for children over three years or adults. B. Touch the dropper to the ear canal to steady it for accurate drop administration: The dropper should not touch the ear canal or any part of the ear to prevent contamination and potential infection. Keeping the dropper sterile ensures safe administration of the medication. C. Warm the ear drops by holding the bottle in the hand for 1-2 minutes before administration: Warming the ear drops to near body temperature reduces discomfort and prevents dizziness or vertigo that can occur if cold drops are instilled into the ear canal. D. Have the child lay on the affected side for 1-5 minutes after instillation: The child should lay on the unaffected side for 1 to 5 minutes after instillation. This position allows gravity to keep the medication in the ear canal and maximize absorption.