The nurse teaches a client about strategies for reducing the risk of hepatitis B transmission, which statements by the client indicate understanding? Select all that apply.

Rationale: A. Avoiding exposure to blood, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions, and other potentially infectious fluids is a primary preventive measure. This includes not sharing needles, razors, or personal items that might be contaminated. Educating the client on safe handling of body fluids is crucial to reducing transmission risk. B. Dietary restrictions such as avoiding fish are not relevant to preventing hepatitis B. The virus is not transmitted through food, so this statement indicates a misunderstanding of the transmission route. C. Avoiding contaminated food and water is a preventive measure for hepatitis A, which is spread via the fecal-oral route, not hepatitis B. This strategy does not reduce the risk of hepatitis B infection. D. Hand hygiene is essential for preventing many infectious diseases, including hepatitis A, gastrointestinal infections, and other pathogens. However, hepatitis B is not spread via the fecal-oral route, so handwashing alone does not directly reduce hepatitis B risk, though it is still good general hygiene practice. E. Using barrier methods such as condoms, limiting the number of sexual partners, and avoiding sexual contact with infected individuals reduces hepatitis B transmission. Sexual exposure is a significant route of infection, making safe sex education a critical component of preventive teaching.