The nurse understands that the stress of critical illness may result in the which of the following in a patient?

Rationale: A. Excess glucose in the circulating blood is correct because critical illness triggers a stress response mediated by hormones such as cortisol, catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine), and glucagon. These hormones stimulate gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and insulin resistance, leading to hyperglycemia. This is part of the body’s adaptive “fight or flight” response to provide energy for vital organs, but persistent hyperglycemia can contribute to complications such as infection, delayed wound healing, and organ dysfunction. B. Negative feedback system is reversed is incorrect because the body’s feedback mechanisms are not literally reversed; rather, stress hormones override normal homeostatic regulation, leading to temporary dysregulation of processes like glucose metabolism. C. Homeostasis is maintained is incorrect because critical illness disrupts homeostasis. The stress response creates a hypermetabolic state, fluid and electrolyte shifts, hormonal changes, and immune activation, all of which temporarily alter normal physiologic balance. D. Decrease glucose in the circulating blood is incorrect because, in critical illness, stress-induced hormonal responses increase glucose levels rather than decrease them. Hypoglycemia is less common and usually occurs only with specific interventions or underlying conditions.