The nurses assesses a client with a calcium level of 14.6 mg/dL (normal range 9-10.5 mg/dL). Which assessment findings are anticipated? Select all the apply.

Rationale: A. Elevated calcium levels interfere with kidney function by impairing the ability of renal tubules to concentrate urine. This leads to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, resulting in excessive urine output and increased thirst (polydipsia). Polyuria contributes to dehydration if not managed appropriately. B. Hypercalcemia shortens the QT interval on an electrocardiogram due to faster ventricular repolarization. Prolonged QT intervals are typically associated with hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia. C. Hypercalcemia decreases neuromuscular excitability by stabilizing neuronal membranes, leading to hyporeflexia. Patients may exhibit sluggish or diminished reflexes during physical assessment. D. High calcium levels depress central nervous system function. Clients may present with fatigue, generalized weakness, confusion, or lethargy. Severe hypercalcemia can progress to stupor or coma if untreated. E. Calcium plays a role in smooth muscle contraction. Excess calcium decreases smooth muscle excitability in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to constipation, decreased peristalsis, and hypoactive bowel sounds. Abdominal discomfort or anorexia may also be present.