The PMHNP is called to testify as an expert witness in a malpractice case against another nurse practitioner. To prove malpractice, four elements of negligence must be established. Which term describes a violation of the applicable standard of care when treating the client’s condition?

Choice A reason: Duty refers to the provider’s obligation to adhere to professional standards. It does not indicate that a violation has occurred. Choice B reason: Breach of duty occurs when the healthcare provider fails to meet the standard of care, constituting a violation of professional responsibility that may result in harm to the patient. Choice C reason: Proximate cause links the breach of duty to the resulting injury but does not describe the violation itself. Choice D reason: Damages represent the actual harm suffered by the patient as a result of the breach, not the breach itself.