The registered nurse teaches a nursing student about the nursing implications for older adult clients undergoing an intravenous pyelogram. Which statement should the registered nurse include in the teaching?

Rationale: A. An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) requires clear visualization of the urinary tract on X-ray. Bowel contents can obscure imaging, so a bowel prep is usually required, especially in older adults who may have slower gastrointestinal motility. B. An IVP primarily visualizes the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder) using contrast dye to detect obstructions, stones, tumors, or structural abnormalities. While kidney size can be seen, the procedure does not measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR). C. Older adults are at increased risk for contrast-induced nephropathy due to age-related decline in renal function or comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, hypertension). Monitoring urine output and kidney function (BUN, creatinine) after the procedure is critical to detect early signs of acute kidney injury. Adequate hydration before and after the procedure is also essential. D. NPO status is required before the procedure to reduce the risk of aspiration during contrast administration, not after. Drugs affecting the gag reflex are not routinely administered during an IVP.