Thinking about the older population, which of the following complications are associated with microvascular damage in people with diabetes? (Select All that Apply.)

A. Nephropathy: Diabetic nephropathy results from microvascular damage to the glomeruli, leading to progressive renal impairment. Chronic hyperglycemia causes thickening of capillary membranes and decreased kidney function, making this a microvascular complication. B. Stroke: Stroke is primarily a macrovascular complication of diabetes, caused by atherosclerosis in large cerebral arteries. It is linked to vascular occlusion or hemorrhage rather than capillary damage, distinguishing it from microvascular disease. C. Gastroparesis: Damage to small blood vessels supplying the vagus nerve and gastrointestinal tract leads to delayed gastric emptying. This neuropathic complication reflects microvascular injury that impairs nerve oxygenation and smooth muscle coordination. D. Peripheral neuropathy: Microvascular damage reduces blood flow to peripheral nerves, leading to sensory loss, tingling, and pain in the extremities. Chronic nerve ischemia caused by capillary basement membrane thickening is a hallmark of diabetic microangiopathy. E. Retinopathy: Diabetic retinopathy develops from damage to retinal capillaries, resulting in microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and vision loss. It is one of the most common microvascular complications associated with prolonged hyperglycemia. F. Coronary artery disease: Coronary artery disease is a macrovascular complication, involving large vessel atherosclerosis rather than small vessel injury. It is associated with endothelial dysfunction and plaque buildup, not microvascular capillary damage.