This is an 11-month-old male with a 2-day history of fussiness, increased nasal secretions, and cough. The baby is 24.3 lb. (11 kg). He was born at 34 weeks gestation and spent several weeks in the neonatal intensive care unit for poor feeding. He is currently up to date on vaccinations and is meeting appropriate developmental milestones. The parents deny that he takes any medications at home. Review H and P and flow sheet. Select which assessment findings indicate that the baby has an increased fluid requirement. Select all that apply.

Fever increases fluid loss through perspiration. Increased respiratory rate can lead to increased fluid loss through evaporation. Increased nasal secretions can result in fluid loss. High oxygen flow can cause drying of the mucous membranes and increase fluid requirements. The following findings do not necessarily indicate increased fluid requirements: Blood pressure alone does not indicate increased fluid requirements. Oxygen saturation within the normal range does not indicate increased fluid requirements. Although urine output is important to assess hydration status, 12 mL of urine may not necessarily indicate increased fluid requirements. Heart rate alone does not indicate increased fluid requirements.