To assess for the presence of kyphosis, which action should the nurse take?

Rationale: A. Review findings of client's bone density exam: A bone density exam assesses for osteoporosis or osteopenia, which are risk factors for kyphosis, but it does not directly assess the presence or degree of spinal curvature. Observational examination is needed to identify kyphosis itself. B. Observe the client's overall body posture: Kyphosis is characterized by an exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic spine, leading to a hunched or stooped posture. Direct observation of the client’s posture provides the most accurate and immediate assessment of kyphosis during a physical examination. C. Palpate joints for tenderness and edema: Palpating joints assesses for inflammation, arthritis, or localized joint disease. While these conditions can cause discomfort, they do not specifically evaluate spinal curvature or detect kyphosis. D. Guide the client through active range of motion: Active range of motion assesses joint flexibility and mobility but does not primarily evaluate spinal alignment or postural abnormalities like kyphosis, which are better seen during standing posture observation.