Using the options below, select the two direct-acting agonists for a-2 receptors used to treat ADHD.
Explanation & Rationale
A. Guanfacine: Guanfacine is a selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist that works directly on presynaptic receptors to reduce sympathetic outflow. It is used in ADHD to improve attention, impulse control, and hyperactivity. B. Paroxetine: Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used for depression and anxiety disorders. It does not act on alpha-2 adrenergic receptors and is not indicated for ADHD. C. Atomoxetine: Atomoxetine is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that increases synaptic norepinephrine indirectly. It does not directly stimulate alpha-2 receptors, so it is not classified as a direct alpha-2 agonist. D. Clonidine: Clonidine is another direct alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. It reduces sympathetic tone and is used in ADHD to manage hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation, particularly in patients with sleep disturbances.