What are the side effect(s) of lisinopril? Select all that apply.

A. Bradycardia: Lisinopril does not directly affect heart rate and is not associated with clinically significant bradycardia. Its primary cardiovascular effect is vasodilation through inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which lowers blood pressure rather than slowing the pulse. B. Hypokalemia: ACE inhibitors decrease aldosterone secretion, which reduces potassium excretion by the kidneys. This mechanism places clients at risk for hyperkalemia rather than hypokalemia, especially in those with renal impairment or who use potassium supplements. C. Productive cough: Lisinopril is associated with a persistent dry, nonproductive cough due to bradykinin accumulation. A productive cough suggests infection or another respiratory condition rather than a medication-related effect of ACE inhibitors. D. Swelling of face: Facial swelling is a sign of angioedema, a serious and potentially life-threatening adverse effect of lisinopril. It can involve the lips, tongue, face, and airway, requiring immediate discontinuation of the medication and urgent intervention. E. Dizziness: Dizziness commonly occurs due to the blood pressure–lowering effects of lisinopril, particularly after the first dose or with position changes. Reduced systemic vascular resistance can lead to orthostatic symptoms, especially in older adults or volume-depleted clients.