What factors can influence drug absorption? (Select all that apply)

a) Lung function primarily affects gas exchange and respiratory function but does not significantly influence drug absorption. b) Kidney function is important for drug excretion rather than absorption. It impacts drug elimination and toxicity risk rather than how well a drug is absorbed. c) Liver function plays a key role in drug metabolism. Poor liver function can alter drug absorption and metabolism, particularly for orally administered drugs that undergo the first-pass effect. d) The route of administration directly impacts drug absorption. For example, intravenous (IV) drugs bypass absorption entirely, while oral medications must go through the digestive system before entering circulation.