What is a key nursing intervention to prevent postoperative atelectasis?

A. Encouraging the use of an incentive spirometer: This device facilitates deep alveolar expansion through sustained maximal inspiration. It prevents the collapse of distal air sacs by increasing transpulmonary pressure and improving surfactant distribution. Regular use remains a gold standard for maintaining pulmonary patency after general anesthesia. B. Administering antibiotics post-surgery: These pharmacological agents target specific bacterial pathogens to treat or prevent systemic or localized infections. They do not mechanically address the physiological collapse of lung tissue caused by shallow breathing or mucus plugging. Their role is strictly antimicrobial rather than mechanical or ventilatory. C. Increasing the patient's fluid intake: Systematic hydration helps maintain the solubility of bronchial secretions to prevent thick mucus plugging. While adequate hydration supports overall pulmonary hygiene, it does not directly provide the inspiratory pressure needed to reinflate collapsed alveoli. It serves as a secondary supportive measure. D. Ensuring the patient is on bed rest after surgery: Prolonged immobility significantly increases the risk of basal lung collapse and venous stasis. It prevents optimal diaphragmatic excursion and reduces the functional residual capacity of the lungs. Modern surgical protocols prioritize early ambulation to enhance respiratory mechanics.