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    Pharmacology proctored exam (exemplify)

    What is an adverse effect of estradiol?

    Explanation & Rationale

    A. Thromboembolism: Estradiol, as an estrogen therapy, increases the risk of thromboembolic events by promoting hepatic synthesis of clotting factors and altering the balance of procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins. This can lead to deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or stroke, particularly in clients with additional risk factors. B. Hyperglycemia: Estradiol does not typically cause elevated blood glucose. Its primary metabolic effects involve reproductive and cardiovascular systems, not glucose regulation, so hyperglycemia is not a common adverse effect. C. Blurry vision: While ocular changes may occur with hormonal fluctuations, blurry vision is not a common or significant adverse effect of estradiol therapy. Severe visual changes would warrant evaluation for other causes. D. Increased urination: Estradiol does not usually affect urine output. Increased urination is not pharmacologically linked to estrogen therapy and would require assessment for alternative etiologies such as diabetes or diuretic use.

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