What is the antidote for dabigatran?

A. Vitamin K: Vitamin K is used to reverse the effects of warfarin by promoting clotting factor synthesis. It is ineffective against dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, because dabigatran’s mechanism is independent of vitamin K–dependent clotting factors. B. Activated charcoal: Activated charcoal can reduce the absorption of recently ingested dabigatran if given within a short timeframe after ingestion. However, it is not a specific antidote and is only useful in cases of recent overdose, not for urgent reversal in bleeding emergencies. C. Idarucizumab: Idarucizumab is a monoclonal antibody fragment that specifically binds to dabigatran, neutralizing its anticoagulant effect. It acts rapidly and is indicated in life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding or when urgent surgery is required, making it the definitive antidote. D. Andexanet alfa: Andexanet alfa is an antidote for factor Xa inhibitors such as apixaban and rivaroxaban. It does not reverse dabigatran, which is a direct thrombin inhibitor, and therefore is not appropriate.