What nonpharmacological strategies can be incorporated into the care plan for a client with cancer experiencing chronic pain? (Select all that apply)
Explanation & Rationale
A. Music therapy can reduce pain perception and anxiety by providing distraction and promoting relaxation. B. Ignoring pain symptoms is inappropriate. Unmanaged pain can worsen physical and psychological outcomes and does not prevent medication dependency. C. Physical therapy helps maintain mobility, reduce pain, and improve function, making it a useful adjunct to pharmacologic management. D. Massage therapy can relieve muscle tension, improve circulation, and reduce pain and stress. E. Hypnosis is a recognized technique for pain management, helping clients alter their perception of pain. F. Guided imagery promotes relaxation and distraction, reducing the intensity of perceived pain. G. Exclusive reliance on NSAIDs is pharmacologic, not nonpharmacologic, and may not be sufficient for chronic cancer pain management. H. Heat or cold application can reduce muscle tension, inflammation, and pain, depending on the source of discomfort. I. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients modify pain-related thoughts and behaviors, improving coping strategies and reducing perceived pain.