What should the emergency department nurse identify as a PRIMARY survey clinical priorities for the treatment of a client with a gunshot wound? Select all that apply.

Rationale: A. While obtaining a medical history is important, it is not part of the primary survey. In a life-threatening trauma situation, history is secondary to immediate life-saving interventions. History is collected after the patient is stabilized (secondary survey). B. Preventing hypothermia is part of trauma care and important, but it is considered a secondary or adjunct intervention after immediate threats to life are addressed. It is not a primary survey priority. C. Controlling bleeding is a primary survey priority. Severe hemorrhage can rapidly lead to hypovolemic shock and death, so it must be addressed immediately using direct pressure, tourniquets, or other interventions. D. Airway is the first priority in the primary survey (A in ABCs: Airway, Breathing, Circulation). Ensuring the airway is patent prevents hypoxia and is essential for survival in trauma patients. E. After ensuring the airway is open, the next priority is breathing (B in ABCs). Assessing and supporting ventilation ensures adequate oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination. This may involve supplemental oxygen, bag-mask ventilation, or intubation if necessary.