When assessing a client, the nurse should establish which finding(s) as objective? (Select all that apply.).
Explanation & Rationale
Choice A rationale: Urticaria is a skin condition characterized by the sudden appearance of raised, itchy, and red welts on the skin. It is an objective finding because it can be observed and assessed visually. The presence of urticaria may indicate an allergic reaction or another underlying condition. Choice B rationale: Hypertension is a subjective finding because it cannot be directly observed. It requires blood pressure measurement to confirm, making it a subjective parameter. Choice C rationale: Diaphoresis refers to excessive sweating, which can be observed and assessed visually. It is an objective finding and may be indicative of various conditions, including anxiety or fever. Choice D rationale: Nausea is a subjective symptom because it is a sensation that the client experiences and reports. It cannot be directly observed by the nurse, making it a subjective parameter. Choice E rationale: Anxiety is a subjective symptom, as it is a mental and emotional state experienced by the client. It cannot be directly observed, making it a subjective parameter. Choice F rationale: Edema is an objective finding because it can be visually assessed by the nurse. Edema is the accumulation of excess fluid in body tissues, and its presence or absence can be objectively determined.