When assessing a preterm infant, the nurse observes nasal flaring, sternal retractions, and expiratory grunting. What do these findings indicate?

A. Apneic episode: An apneic episode is characterized by a pause in breathing, often accompanied by cyanosis or bradycardia. Nasal flaring, retractions, and grunting are not specific to apnea but indicate active respiratory effort. B. Post-maturity syndrome: Post-maturity syndrome occurs in infants born after 42 weeks and may include dry, peeling skin and meconium staining. Respiratory distress signs are not primary features of this condition. C. Respiratory distress syndrome: Nasal flaring, sternal retractions, and expiratory grunting are classic signs of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), commonly seen in preterm infants due to surfactant deficiency. These findings reflect increased work of breathing and impaired gas exchange. D. Cold stress: Cold stress presents with hypothermia, increased respirations, and possible hypoglycemia. While tachypnea may occur, the combination of nasal flaring, retractions, and grunting specifically indicates RDS rather than cold stress.