Which client has the least risk for developing endocarditis?

A. A 57-year-old with a mechanical mitral valve in need of a tooth extraction: Clients with prosthetic heart valves are at high risk for infective endocarditis, particularly during procedures that can introduce bacteria into the bloodstream, such as dental work. Antibiotic prophylaxis is often indicated. B. A 19-year-old college student presents with a sore throat and fever: While a sore throat may indicate a streptococcal infection, this client does not have predisposing cardiac conditions. However, untreated strep infections can rarely lead to endocarditis, but the risk is higher in individuals with cardiac abnormalities. C. A 77-year-old with a history of angina and new onset of chest pain: Angina indicates coronary artery disease but does not directly increase the risk of endocarditis. This client has the least risk among the options because endocarditis is associated with structural heart abnormalities, prosthetic valves, or intravenous drug use rather than ischemic heart disease alone. D. A 35-year-old who reports using intravenous drugs on a daily basis: Intravenous drug use is a major risk factor for infective endocarditis due to repeated introduction of bacteria into the bloodstream. The tricuspid valve is commonly affected in this population, making this client high-risk.