Which experiences are most likely to precipitate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? (Select all that apply.)

A. An adult is trapped for 3 hours at an angle in an elevator after a portion of the supporting cable breaks: This qualifies as a traumatic event that involves a real or perceived threat of serious injury or death, which can precipitate PTSD. The sudden, life-threatening nature of the event increases psychological stress and risk for long-term trauma. B. A young adult jumps from a bridge with a bungee cord with a best friend: Although this activity may cause fear or adrenaline, it is a voluntary, controlled, and anticipated experience, which is not considered a trauma likely to trigger PTSD. C. An 8-year-old child watches an R-rated movie with both parents: Viewing a disturbing movie is not equivalent to experiencing a life-threatening trauma, and shared parental context provides support, making PTSD unlikely from this event. D. An adolescent is kidnapped and held for 2 years in the home of a sexual predator: This represents prolonged, severe trauma involving threat to life, safety, and autonomy. Such sustained exposure is highly likely to precipitate PTSD due to chronic stress, fear, and helplessness.