Which group of clinical manifestations is indicative of Truncus Arteriosus?
Explanation & Rationale
Rationale: A. Bounding pulses, heart failure within weeks, activity intolerance: Truncus arteriosus involves a single large vessel overriding both ventricles. This results in increased pulmonary blood flow, leading to early-onset heart failure. Bounding pulses occur from wide pulse pressure, and activity intolerance is related to poor oxygen delivery to tissues during exertion. B. Cracked lips, joint pain, thrombocytosis: These symptoms are more consistent with Kawasaki disease, rather than a congenital heart defect like truncus arteriosus. Kawasaki disease often presents with mucocutaneous changes, arthritis, and elevated platelet counts. C. High upper extremity blood pressure (BP), weak distal pulses: This is more indicative of coarctation of the aorta, where narrowing of the aorta leads to hypertension in the upper extremities and diminished pulses in the lower extremities. It is not characteristic of truncus arteriosus. D. Squatting, irritability, peri-oral cyanosis: These symptoms are typical of Tetralogy of Fallot. Squatting helps increase systemic vascular resistance to reduce right-to-left shunting, and peri-oral cyanosis results from chronic hypoxemia, which is not the hallmark of truncus arteriosus.