Which hormones that regulate blood glucose levels are secreted by the pancreas? (Select all that apply.)
Explanation & Rationale
A. Insulin: Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. B. Growth hormone: Growth hormone is produced by the pituitary gland, not the pancreas. It can affect blood glucose levels indirectly but is not a pancreatic hormone. C. Estrogen: Estrogen is produced primarily by the ovaries, not the pancreas. It does not directly regulate blood glucose levels. D. Glucagon: Glucagon is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas and raises blood glucose levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver. E. Antidiuretic hormone: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. It regulates water balance in the body, not blood glucose levels.