Which is an unintended effect of elderspeak?

A. Active listening: Active listening is a therapeutic communication skill that involves attentiveness, validation, and appropriate responses to the patient’s concerns. Elderspeak, which includes patronizing language, exaggerated intonation, and simplified speech, does not promote engagement or mutual respect, and therefore does not enhance active listening behaviors. B. Short-term memory loss: Short-term memory loss is a cognitive impairment commonly associated with aging or neurological conditions such as dementia. Elderspeak does not directly cause memory deficits; rather, it can negatively impact emotional well-being and communication effectiveness without altering cognitive function. C. Resistance to care: Elderspeak can be perceived as demeaning, infantilizing, or disrespectful by older adults. This can lead to frustration, decreased autonomy, and behavioral responses such as refusal of care, agitation, or withdrawal. That such communication styles are associated with increased resistance to care, particularly in individuals with cognitive impairment. D. Compliance: Compliance implies cooperation with care and adherence to treatment plans. Elderspeak often undermines patient dignity and autonomy, which can reduce trust and willingness to cooperate, making increased compliance an unlikely outcome.