Which medication is used to treat an acute flare of gout?

Choice A rationale Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the long-term prophylaxis (prevention) of gout flares by decreasing the production of uric acid, thereby lowering serum uric acid levels. It is not the drug of choice for treating an acute, painful flare-up because it does not rapidly reduce the inflammation caused by existing urate crystal deposition in the joint. Choice B rationale Colchicine is an alkaloid used to treat acute gout flares by disrupting microtubule formation, which inhibits the migration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation and interferes with the inflammatory response triggered by urate crystals. It is most effective when administered within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms to reduce pain and inflammation rapidly. Choice C rationale Probenecid is a uricosuric agent that works by inhibiting the reabsorption of uric acid in the proximal renal tubules, thereby increasing the excretion of uric acid in the urine. Like allopurinol, it is used for the long-term management of gout in patients who underexcrete uric acid, but it is ineffective for rapid relief during an acute flare. Choice D rationale Sulfinpyrazone is another uricosuric agent, similar to probenecid, that promotes the excretion of uric acid through the kidneys. It is indicated for the prophylactic treatment of chronic gout to maintain low serum uric acid levels and prevent recurrent attacks. It is not an appropriate medication for the immediate, symptomatic relief required during an acute gout flare.