Which medication promotes volume expansion by pulling fluid from the extravascular space into the vascular system?"

A. 0.9% NS: Normal saline is an isotonic crystalloid that primarily expands the extracellular fluid, including both intravascular and interstitial compartments. While it increases plasma volume to some extent, it does not actively pull fluid from the extravascular space into the vascular system. B. 5% Albumin: Albumin is a colloid solution containing large plasma proteins that exert oncotic pressure. This osmotic effect draws water from the interstitial and intracellular spaces into the intravascular compartment, effectively expanding plasma volume. It is commonly used in hypovolemic shock or hypoalbuminemia to rapidly restore circulating volume. C. D5W: 5% dextrose in water is an isotonic solution that becomes hypotonic after dextrose metabolism. It primarily provides free water and distributes across all body compartments rather than selectively increasing intravascular volume. It does not pull fluid from the extravascular space into the vascular system. D. 0.45% NS: Half-normal saline is a hypotonic crystalloid solution that primarily hydrates cells by moving water into the intracellular space. It is not effective for rapid intravascular volume expansion, as it does not create an oncotic gradient to draw fluid from the extravascular space.