Which method are for administering drugs by parenteral routes? (Select all that apply.)

A) Subcutaneous: The subcutaneous route involves administering medication into the layer of fat and connective tissue beneath the skin. This method is used for drugs that require slower absorption, such as insulin or certain vaccines. B) Intramuscular: The intramuscular route involves injecting medication directly into a muscle. This allows for faster absorption compared to subcutaneous injections, making it ideal for drugs that need to be absorbed quickly, such as vaccines or certain antibiotics. C) Via a nasogastric tube: Administering drugs via a nasogastric tube is not considered a parenteral route. The nasogastric (NG) tube delivers medications directly into the stomach via the gastrointestinal tract, which is not part of the parenteral system. Parenteral routes are those that bypass the digestive system, like injections. D) Intradermal: The intradermal route involves injecting medication just under the skin, in the dermis. This is typically used for allergy testing or tuberculosis screenings. It is a parenteral route because it bypasses the digestive system. E) Intravenous: The intravenous route involves injecting medication directly into a vein, offering rapid absorption and fast onset of action. This method is ideal for critical or emergency situations where immediate medication effects are necessary.