Which nursing interventions are appropriate while caring for a newborn whose mother was addicted to heroin during the pregnancy? (Select ALL that Apply.)

Choice A rationale Offering the newborn a pacifier provides non-nutritive sucking, which can be highly comforting for infants experiencing neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). This can help to self-soothe, reduce irritability, and improve feeding tolerance by satisfying the oral craving often seen with withdrawal symptoms. Choice B rationale Administering oral glucose for comfort is not a standard intervention for comfort in newborns with NAS. While hypoglycemia can occur and might warrant glucose, it's not a primary comfort measure for withdrawal symptoms. Opioid withdrawal primarily affects the central nervous system, requiring different interventions. Choice C rationale Feeding the infant half-strength formula is not appropriate. Newborns with NAS often have increased caloric needs due to their hypermetabolic state and increased activity. Providing half-strength formula would dilute nutrient intake, potentially leading to inadequate weight gain and worsening withdrawal symptoms. Full-strength formula or breast milk is indicated. Choice D rationale Swaddling the newborn with legs flexed provides a sense of security and containment, mimicking the in-utero environment. This can help to reduce tremors, irritability, and uncoordinated movements often seen in infants experiencing opioid withdrawal, promoting comfort and restful sleep. Choice E rationale Observing the newborn in a well-lit nursery is inappropriate for infants with NAS. These newborns are often hypersensitive to stimuli, including light. A quiet, dimly lit environment helps to reduce sensory overload, minimize irritability, and promote calm and rest, which are crucial for managing withdrawal. Choice F rationale Maintaining a low stimulation environment is crucial for newborns experiencing NAS. Reducing excessive light, noise, and tactile stimulation helps to decrease hyperirritability, tremors, and other signs of withdrawal. A calm environment promotes comfort, rest, and neurobehavioral organization in these vulnerable infants.