Which of the following are the most common manifestations of COPD? (Select all that apply.)

Rationale: A. Chronic cough is a hallmark symptom of COPD due to chronic airway inflammation. B. Sputum production commonly accompanies the chronic cough as a result of excessive mucus from airway irritation. C. Dyspnea (shortness of breath) is a classic and progressive symptom of COPD caused by airflow limitation and decreased gas exchange. D. Crackles can be present in COPD due to small airway collapse or secretions in the alveoli. They are not as prominent as in pneumonia or heart failure but may still be auscultated, especially during exacerbations. E. Hypotension is not a common manifestation of COPD; blood pressure may be normal or elevated due to comorbidities.