Which of the following can the nurse expect to find when assessing a client with manifestations of pulmonary edema? (Select all that apply.)

A. Cold extremities: Pulmonary edema can cause poor tissue perfusion and hypoxia, leading to cold, clammy extremities. Reduced cardiac output may contribute to this peripheral vasoconstriction. B. Dizziness and excessive sweating: These symptoms can result from hypoxia and decreased cardiac output associated with pulmonary edema. The body’s compensatory mechanisms attempt to maintain oxygen delivery, causing diaphoresis and lightheadedness. C. Excessive shortness of breath that is worse with exertion or when lying down: Dyspnea, especially orthopnea and exertional shortness of breath, is a hallmark of pulmonary edema due to fluid accumulation in the alveoli impairing gas exchange. D. Jugular venous distention: Increased central venous pressure from left-sided heart failure or fluid overload can lead to distention of the jugular veins, commonly observed in clients with pulmonary edema. E. Absent pedal edema: Pulmonary edema often occurs with fluid overload and may be associated with peripheral edema. Absent pedal edema does not exclude pulmonary edema, but its presence is more typical in chronic fluid retention conditions.