Which of the following characteristics of the pediatric respiratory system makes infants and young children more susceptible to respiratory distress compared to adults?

A. Infants actually have smaller airway diameters and less lung volume than adults. A larger airway and fully developed lungs would decrease susceptibility to respiratory compromise, not increase it. B. Infants’ airways are narrow, so even minor swelling or mucus buildup can significantly obstruct airflow. Additionally, respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm and intercostals, are immature and fatigue easily, making it harder for infants to maintain adequate ventilation during illness or stress. These factors increase the risk of rapid respiratory compromise. C. Infants have fewer alveoli and less surface area for gas exchange, and their respiratory muscles are weaker than adults, not stronger. This contributes to increased risk, not protection. D. The diaphragm is less developed in infants, and their chest wall is more compliant, which can lead to paradoxical movements and less effective ventilation. Increased diaphragm development and lung compliance would enhance respiratory function, not increase susceptibility.