Which of the following could the nurse expect to observe in an older adult client who has a pneumothorax?

This question asks for expected clinical observations in an elderly patient with a pneumothorax. Understanding the age-related decline in respiratory reserve and the impact of pleural air accumulation on gas exchange is necessary to identify the correct finding. Choice A rationale . A pneumothorax involves the collapse of lung tissue, which significantly impairs ventilation and perfusion. It is physiologically impossible for oxygen saturation to remain at a high level like 98 percent when lung surface area is lost. Choice B rationale . A client with a pneumothorax would likely exhibit higher energy expenditure due to the increased work of breathing. The body uses accessory muscles to compensate for the lost lung volume, which consumes more energy and oxygen. Choice C rationale . A pneumothorax reduces the surface area available for gas exchange, leading to hypoxemia. In an older adult with decreased lung elasticity, oxygen saturation levels are expected to drop below the normal range of 95 to 100 percent. Choice D rationale . Lung capacity is decreased in a pneumothorax because air in the pleural space prevents the lung from fully expanding. This leads to a reduction in vital capacity and total lung capacity, contrary to an increase in volume.