Which of the following findings in a pregnant client may indicate potential heart failure rather than normal pregnancy changes?
Explanation & Rationale
A. Fatigue is a common and expected change in pregnancy due to increased metabolic demands and hormonal shifts. It is not specific for heart failure. B. Mild dyspnea on exertion is common in pregnancy because of increased oxygen demand and diaphragmatic elevation. This alone does not indicate heart failure. C. Peripheral edema is a typical physiological change in pregnancy, especially in the lower extremities, due to increased blood volume and venous pressure. It is usually not concerning unless accompanied by other signs. D. These findings are not typical of normal pregnancy and may indicate fluid overload and impaired cardiac function, suggesting heart failure. Pulmonary congestion can cause dyspnea, persistent cough, and orthopnea, while generalized edema (especially in the face and hands) is concerning for cardiac or severe renal involvement.