Which of the following information should a nurse include in the teaching to the parent of a 1-day-old newborn with a prescription for gavage feeding?

Choice A reason: Administering 20 mL per feeding is not universally appropriate, as gavage feeding volumes depend on the newborn’s weight, gestational age, and medical condition. Standardized volumes risk over- or underfeeding, potentially causing gastric distress or inadequate nutrition. Neonatal physiology requires individualized feeding plans to support digestion and growth, guided by medical prescriptions and clinical assessment. Choice B reason: Nonnutritive sucking, such as on a pacifier, supports neurological development and soothes newborns during gavage feeding. It stimulates the suck-swallow reflex, enhancing gastrointestinal motility and reducing feeding intolerance. Scientifically, this practice promotes oral motor skills, aiding transition to oral feeding, and provides comfort, which is critical for neonatal stress reduction and developmental progress. Choice C reason: Placing a newborn in a supine position after gavage feeding increases the risk of aspiration, as milk may reflux into the airway. Neonatal physiology favors a side-lying or prone position to facilitate gastric emptying and reduce regurgitation. This position supports safer digestion and minimizes respiratory complications, aligning with evidence-based neonatal care practices for gavage-fed infants. Choice D reason: Cluster feedings mimic natural breastfeeding patterns, supporting neonatal nutritional needs and growth. Newborns often feed in clusters to meet caloric demands, stabilize blood glucose, and promote weight gain. This practice aligns with neonatal physiology, as the stomach’s small capacity benefits from frequent, smaller feedings, enhancing digestion and nutrient absorption in gavage-fed infants.